Sustainable Development of the ICT Sector

Sustainable Development of the ICT Sector Chapter 7:Conclusion In this last chapter of the dissertation motivation behind the research is discussed and the conclusion of the research is presented. The conclusion is presented by revisiting the research objectives set in first chapter of the dissertation and then, analysing the results obtained, in light of these objectives. As vulnerabilities, exploits and security in information and communication technology is a very vast topic and presenting various type of cyber attacks and their corresponding security measures is beyond the scope of this or any single research. So, the scope of the research study, as conducted by the researcher, is also discussed in this chapter. The chapter ends with the discussion regarding the further scope of the research which can be taken up to enhance the work presented in this research dissertation. 7.1 Research Objectives Revisited In chapter 1 of the research, objectives of the research were stated as follows: To study the sustainable development of ICT sector Analyze effect of penetration level on economy Dependency analysis of other sectors on ICT Growth analysis of vulnerabilities in ICT sector Model to control vulnerabilities and ensure sustainability This section discusses that how well these objectives have been achieved in the research. 7.1.1 Sustainable development of ICT The sustainable development of ICT has been defined in chapter 1 as, continuous and consistent development of information and communication technology to meet the needs of the current as well as future generations. Sustainable development has three facets as economic, social and environmental sustainability. In this research, only two facets of sustainability i.e. economic and social sustainability of ICT sector are studied. The economic sustainability of ICT means that the sector will continue to add substantial economic value globally in terms of GDP value addition and employment opportunities for people. The social sustainability means, continuous use of ICT to enable human development, improvement their living standards, and eliminate social evils such as poverty, illiteracy, malnutrition etc. An efficient use of ICT can facilitate the development of the citizens of the country by providing them much needed information, education to take correct decisions to enable growth. 7.1.2 Effect of penetration rate on economy The most evident value addition that ICT has brought in last three decades has been the positive economic impact that it has on the countries of the world. The counties which had embraced computers and internet in its inception phase are all developed countries today. In this research it has been proved beyond doubt that the economic development of a country is heavily dependent on ICT. Continuous and efficient use of ICT by countries has enabled them to add huge economic value to the GDP. The correlation between the GDP and internet penetration rate across the world has been found to a perfect positive correlation, which means that a country with higher penetration rate would largely have high per capita GDP. High degree of positive correlation between the use of ICT and economy of the country has been established in the research, so if the ICT sector keeps on growing at a constant rate it will generate more income and raise the living standards for the people of the world. Also after realizing this impact of ICT on economy most of the developing countries in the world have started implementing and encouraging use of ICT, and hence the growth in penetration rate of the internet in developing countries and regions of the world have been found to be higher hen there developed counterparts. 7.1.3 Dependence of other sectors on ICT ICT sector has a considerable share in GDP and employment of a country but this is only a partial contribution of its total effect. The actual affect of ICT is much larger as it adds value to all other sectors which contribute to the economy of the country. Hence ICT is adding value to economy in multiple ways. In this research the affect of ICT on other sectors of the economy such as banking and other financial institutions, retail, transportation and logistics, tourism and healthcare sector has been studied. Only the above mentioned five sectors have been studied in this research but ICT has similar influence on all other service sectors of the economy. According to the study in chapter 3 of this dissertation ICT has been found to the enabler for most of the product and process innovations in these other service sectors of the economy. Some of the innovative business models such as e-commerce and online reservations have been deployed in many organizations of the world and these contribution and movement of the traditional world to the virtual world will continue in future and thus lead to sustainable development of ICT. 7.1.4 Growth rate of ICT vulnerabilities The biggest hindrance to the sustainable development of ICT is the growth in vulnerabilities, exploits and cyber attacks. When a user is connected to the internet he also becomes susceptible to these cyber threats. These treats if exploited by a cyber miscreant may lead to more financial loss to an individual or organization then the perceived value addition of using ICT. This disposition of lack of trust is the main reason for sustainable development of ICT not being on the expected lines and its potential is not being fully utilized. To ensure its sustainable development the ICT sector has to constrain these constantly growing cyber threats. In chapter 4 of the research the consistence growth of vulnerabilities has been studied and it has been proved from a global perspective that vulnerabilities have been increasing at the compounded annual growth rate of around 30% annually. 7.1.5 Model to enable sustainable growth of ICT In the final chapters of the research dissertation a specific example of security threat in wireless sensor networks of the future has been studied. The scenario of wireless sensor network has been taken because it is the most commonly implemented wireless ad-hoc network today, and is going to be used extensively in all smart city and Internet of Things projects in future. With these projects in focus the miscreants are likely to use the existing attacks in novel forms to attack them to disturb the functioning of these interconnected and autonomous networks. Sybil attack, which is a serious threat to ad-hoc networks, has been chosen in this research study as it, not only compromises the functioning of sensor network, but also enables and facilitate many other attacks in sensor networks. For example Sybil identities once generated in the network can lead to Black hole attacks, blackmailing attacks, denial of service attacks etc. So the motivation behind this research choice was that if this one attack can be controlled it would lead to reduction in other types of attacks as well. Before suggesting a model to prevent Sybil attacks in wireless sensor networks, the real world data was captured and analysed to establish the existence of these attack in real world. After considerable Sybil attack signatures were identified in the captured data a trust based model for WSN has been suggested in which a server agent or base station is entrusted with the responsibility of authorizing the wireless nodes before participating in the network operations. Using this admission control mechanism the Sybil nodes can be totally prevented in the network and thus lead to more predictable and reliable delivery of data across the network. As discussed in the previous chapter the effectiveness of the proposed model has been defended using the simulation results of the existing and the proposed system. 7.2 Scope of research study As the types of network and their corresponding vulnerabilities are numerous and can’t be studied in a single research. The Sybil attack which is a particularly harmful attack in wireless sensor network has been studied and protection model for the same has been proposed. As discussed in previous section, wireless sensor networks were selected as they are considered as future of ad-hoc networks and Sybil attack was selected because of its capability to facilitate additional attacks in sensor networks. By no means has the researcher wanted to state that other types of network and attacks are not important, in fact as if today, other types of wired and wireless networks are more frequently implemented and warrant considerable research to enable sustainable development of ICT, but WSN are definitely going to be the future of networks and will play an even more important role in times to come in sustainable development of ICT. The scope of a global study is also sometimes restricted by the availability of data for all parameters of study in the global scenario. In this research most of the data used has been global but in case of sectoral study the consistent secondary data for the whole world was not available so the data from European Union has been used to analyse the dependency of other service sectors of the economy on ICT and has been generalised in a global scenario. 7.3 Recommendation for Further Study This research study has a specific focus on Sybil attacks in WSN but there are many other type of attacks and networks which are equally important in sustainable development of ICT. This section of the chapter recommends some further research topics in the area of sustainable ICT development in general and protection against Sybil and other attacks in other type of networks. 7.3.1 Sybil attack in other Categories of WANET In this research Sybil attacks have been studied in context of wireless sensor networks which is one category of wireless ad-hoc network but there are other categories of WANET such as mobile ad-hoc network and vehicular ad-hoc network which are also affected by Sybil attacks and a security model can be developed for protecting these types of networks. The model suggested in this research for WSN cannot be directly applied to the MANET or VANET as centralization is less feasible because of high mobility rate and absence of central command and control centre in form of base station in these networks. In WSN the nodes may or may not be mobile and even when mobility is there it is slow and infrequent, for example in a smart city garbage collection system, a bin would act as a node, but it will move only once or twice during a day, in a wireless sensor network enabled smart home all devices such as television, refrigerator, washing machine and smart phone are connected but the relative movement is infrequent. In case of MANET and VANET the situation is completely different as vehicles will constantly move and same vehicles may never become neighbours again so developing a trust based solution is not possible in such networks and a different model is required for protection. 7.3.2 Other attacks in WANET In this research Sybil attack has been studied but there are many other attacks which also seriously compromise the efficiency of wireless ad-hoc networks. For example denial of service attack can take various forms in different kind of networks and its modus operandi and corresponding defences are different in various kinds of networks. Other attacks which are targeted at WANET and discussed in chapter 5 of this research can be studied and suggestive models can be proposed to defend the WANET from these attacks. Various routing attacks are particularly very annoying in WANET as they negatively affect the routing in an ad-hoc network and lead to packets loss. These routing attacks can be a further topic of research to enable sustainable development of ICT. 7.3.3 New design paradigm for WANET In computational and interconnection theory of computers, security has never been of prime concern. All the effort of a software company is in making the software do the task it is supposed to do and do it as efficiently as possible. In this performance focused approach security is often neglected. When such software is launched in market it carries many vulnerabilities that are exploited by the attackers to compromise the computational system and cause loss to the organization or individuals. In recent years, after realizing the disastrous capability of these output focused programming techniques now the software designers and developer are moving on to more security centric approaches of software development. Similarly, if security is inbuilt in the design of the networks, they will be more immune to the attacks. So, this new design paradigm being used by software development industry can be implemented network design as well. 7.4 Summary In the summary of the conclusion of the research it can be stated that the wireless ad-hoc network being the future of computer networks will be attacked continuously in future. The existing attacks in new forms and new zero day attacks will constantly be discovered by the cyber attackers and it will never be easy for the system administrators to defend their system. The new defence mechanisms will have to be developed to protect our information architecture and ensure the sustainable development of ICT.

Swimming :: essays research papers

Swimming Learning something new can be a scary experience. One of the hardest things I've ever had to do was learn how to swim. I was always afraid of the water, but I decided that swimming was an important skill that I should learn. I also thought it would be good exercise and help me to become physically stronger. What I didn't realize was that learning to swim would also make me a more confident person. New situations always make me a bit nervous, and my first swimming lesson was no exception. After I changed into my bathing suit in the locker room, I stood timidly by the side of the pool waiting for the teacher and other students to show up. After a couple of minutes the teacher came over. She smiled and introduced herself, and two more students joined us. Although they were both older than me, they didn't seem to be embarrassed about not knowing how to swim. I began to feel more at ease. We got into the pool, and the teacher had us put on brightly colored water wings to help us stay afloat. One of the other students, May, had already taken the beginning class once before, so she took a kickboard and went splashing off by herself. The other student, Jerry, and I were told to hold on to the side of the pool and shown how to kick for the breaststroke. One by one, the teacher had us hold on to a kickboard while she pulled it through the water and we kicked. Pretty soon Jerry was off doing this by himself, traveling at a fast clip across the short end of the pool. Things were not quite that easy for me, but the teacher was very patient. After a few more weeks, when I seemed to have caught on with my legs, she taught me the arm strokes. Now I had two things to concentrate on, my arms and my legs. I felt hopelessly uncoordinated. Sooner than I imagined, however, things began to feel "right" and I was able to swim! It was a wonderful free feeling - like flying, maybe - to be able to shoot across the water. Learning to swim was not easy for me, but in the end my persistence paid off.

Discursive essay (1): a balanced argument Essay

Text-messaging is an important advance in communication – or is it? With a partner, discuss three reasons you think text messaging represents an important advance in communication and three reasons why it does not. Order them 1-3 according to their importance. b Read the model essay and see if the writer has mentioned some or all of your arguments. Does the writer put her main argument first in both paragraphs? c Look at the three introductory paragraphs below and choose which one you think is best for the essay. Compare with a partner, and discuss why you think it is the best, and why the other two are less suitable. Then do the same with the conduding paragraphs. Introductory paragraphs 1 Since the first SMS was sent in 1992, text messaging has become one of the most popular forms of communication, especially among the younger generation, with billions of messages being sent every year. But has this technology really improved interpersonal communication? 2 Text messaging clearly has important advantages and disadvantages. In this essay, I am first going to analyse the advantages of SMS technology and then I will outline some important disadvantages before finally drawing my conclusions. 3 Can you imagine life without sending and receiving SMSs? Almost certainly not, as this cheap and convenient technology has become such a vital tool for organizing our social lives and communicating instantly with our friends and family. How did we manage before it was invented? Concluding paragraphs 1 In conclusion, text messaging has important advantages and disadvantages, but on the whole, I believe that it has improved our lives in a significant way. 2 In my view, text messaging has improved communication considerably and it is highly useful, for example, if you are trying to contact someone in a very noisy place, such as a club, where it would be impossible to hear a phone call. In conclusion, it is a very vital piece of technology. Being able to send short, written messages via mobile phone has clearly advanced communication in certain respects. The greatest benefit of texting is that it allows us to communicate instantly with other people wherever they are, but without interrupting them in the way that a phone call would, and allowing them to reply whenever it is convenient for them to do so. In addition, sending a text, for example to arrange where to meet someone, is a quick, concise, and efficient way of communicating, as people normally only include the vital information. Finally, text messaging is a very cheap form of communication, which is a particular advantage for young people or for people who are travelling, when mobile phone conversations can be prohibitively expensive.

What to Do if Your Laptop is Stolen in College

College is difficult enough without having to worry about things like computer theft. But if the unthinkable happens and someone does walk off with your computer, an already-busy college life can suddenly get a lot more difficult. So just what are your options? Find an Immediate, Short-term Solution Its not like a computer theft ever really happens at a good time, and yet a stolen laptop does seem to occur during the worst parts of the semester. Consequently, dont make things even more challenging for yourself by not setting up some kind of alternative solution as soon as possible. Ask if you can borrow your friends laptop for a little while; see where the nearest computer lab is (as well as what hours its open); check with campus offices, like the IT department, to see if they have any loaner laptops for students whove lost their computers or had them stolen. Let Your Professors and TAs Know If you have a major assignment, midterm, or exam coming up, zip a quick email to your professor (or, better yet, talk to them in person). Keep the drama to a minimum; youre just letting them know, not using the opportunity to present excuses. It takes less than a minute to send an email saying I just wanted to let you know my laptop was stolen yesterday. While Im working to find another solution, I did want to let you know that Im doing my best to stay on schedule with assignments and other computer-based work. Even if you dont end up needing an extension, its smart to be proactive in a situation where you might need a little help. Talk to the Campus or City Police If someone ran off with your laptop, they obviously took something of high value. Even if you think you have a 0% chance of getting your computer back, its still important to file some kind of report. You might need to show something to your professor, for example, to demonstrate that you really did lose all of your work 2 days before your final paper was due. If you or your parents file an insurance claim, you might also need proof of the theft; a police report can help substantiate your loss. Additionally, if your laptop is eventually found, having something official on file can help you get it back. Let the Staff Know If your laptop disappeared in a place like your residence hall, the campus coffee shop, or the library, let the staff know. You might feel like a dummy for leaving your computer unattended while you went to the bathroom or raided the vending machine, but you still should alert the staff. If your laptop was stolen off campus, let the staff of the store or facility know as well. Look Into Replacement Options True, youll probably need a new laptop of some sort. But before rushing out to buy one, see if the theft is covered under any kind of insurance policy. Did you purchase renters insurance, for example, when you moved into your off-campus apartment? Or does your parents homeowners policy cover theft in your residence hall? A few quick phone calls can possibly save you a lot of cash, so make the effort to investigate any insurance coverage you might have but didnt think about until now. Figure Out What Data Went Missing You might be so focused on losing things for your classes -- like your midterm papers and research -- that you forget about everything else on your machine. Identity theft, however, may be a major threat for you now. Did you have any banking information saved? What about automatic logins for things like email accounts, social networks, and online stores? If theres even the slightest hint that someone might have access to your personal data, call your bank(s) right away and place a fraud alert on your credit report. Find Another Long-term Solution Unfortunately, getting another laptop right away might not be a realistic option for you, logistically or financially. If youre now stuck without your own computer, spend some time trying to find a reasonable long-term solution. (Note: Always planning on borrowing your roommates computer will get really tricky really quickly.) Check out the computer labs on your campus; make sure you know their hours and plan in advance. See if and how you can reserve a computer in the library. Check with your campus IT department to see if they offer loaner machines or if, by chance, they have an old machine you can rent or borrow for the rest of the semester. Although theres nothing like having your old laptop back, with a little creative work you can find a solution that can carry you through.

Global Warming Warning Essay examples - 1269 Words

Global Warming Warning In 2007, the Arctic reached a 30-year low for sea ice (University of Colorado at Boulder). This is because of global warming or what scientists refer to climate change. The issue with global warming is that it has impactions for damage to future generations. Prevention of a global climate change depends on early detection of human-made effects on climate. The current views on global warming are; those who do not think that the Earth is undergoing a climate change, others that believe the Earth is going through a climate change due to humans, and some who believe that Earth is going through a climate change but is not because of human activities. In order to understand global warming, we have to look to technical†¦show more content†¦Using that methodology the air trapped in the ice can be tested to determine atmospheric gases in the past. The speed in which temperature has increased over the last few decades is alarming compared to the rate over the last century. Global surf ace temperature has increased 0.6 degrees Celsius in the past thirty years, and 0.8 in the last century (Hansen 14288). The significant increase can be directly related to the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. For the last 650,000 years, atmospheric CO2 has never been above 300 parts per million (Hansen 14288). In 1950 CO2 parts per million were at 280, today they are at 380. Direct observations indicate that CO2 is rising sharply due to human activity (Cook). The main source of CO2 emissions is the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas in power plants, automobiles, and industrial facilities (United States Environmental Protection Agency). It is most evident in the addition of automobiles on the road today. Motor vehicles have been rising by 3.69 million each year since 1960. Currently there are over 255 million registered passenger vehicles on the road today (U.S Department Of Transportation). It is difficult to get people concerned about global warming because it is a problem of the future. Global warming is like a falling rock, in the beginning atop a mountain it may be easy to bring to a stop, but once in motion near the bottomShow MoreRelatedA Global Warning About Global Warming1296 Words   |  6 PagesJames Winning Professor Hoverman SOCY 100 26 September 2014 A Global Warning About Global Warming Global Warning did not really matter to me until the summer of 2014. Before then global warning was just this thing that you would hear on the news or read in the newspaper. This idea did not have much meaning to be because it did not impact my everyday life. One day I began to hear about a Twitter message going viral. The message was from a climatologist named Jason Box and it read, â€Å" If even a smallRead MoreA Global Warming Warning Essay examples1291 Words   |  6 PagesIn 2007, the Arctic reached a 30-year low for sea ice (University of Colorado at Boulder), because of global warming or what scientists refer to climate change. Global warming might be the greatest threat to the future of humanity. Prevention of a global climate shift depends on early detection of human-made effects on climate. The current debate on global warming is divided into three categories: those who do not believe that the Earth is undergoing a climate change, others that believe the EarthRead MoreE nvironmental Issues Of Great Barrier Reef914 Words   |  4 Pagesaccount for around 25 percent of the total emissions in Australia. Environmentalists suggested that emissions from burning of coal and coalmine processing are substantially contributes to increase green house gas in the atmosphere that results in global warning. Importantly, the effect of climate change will have a great significance on Great Barrier Reef. There are two important factors contribute to the ignorance of the Great Barrier Reef ‘s impacts. First, Mr. Hunt’s approval was taken into accountRead More Global Warming and the Media Essay1500 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Warming and the Media In this paper I will show that the issues of global warming have been misrepresented by some and cleverly utilized by others, (Y) by giving an overview of global warming as it is portrayed by the media, (Z) so that people will learn to search for scientific information regarding important issues for themselves. (P1) The media’s constant over-coverage of global warming is desensitizing the public to the very real problem of global warming. (P2) In the movies, An InconvenientRead MoreBotkin and Gore Argument on Global Warming Essay991 Words   |  4 PagesGore have very different views on the issues of global warming. Botkin contends that the scare tactics used by Gore and many similar thinking environmentalists are simply a desperate means intended to alarm the public and force governments to take actions that are unnecessary and misdirected. Gore alleges that immediate action is necessary to avoid increases in the plant and animal extinction and the spread of diseases. Bo tkin admits that global warming is a fact, but as a scientist, he cannot agreeRead MoreAn Inconvenient Truth1551 Words   |  7 Pagesthat global warming is a moral issue that humans need to address. For years, scientists have been examining the reasons for the changing climate and have come to the conclusion that global warming is real and it is serious threat to the world. Eventually, this threat will lead to major catastrophes that will cause epic destruction of our planet. Gore’s main purpose in this book is to expose the lies and misconceptions regarding global warming and to inspire the public to take action. Global warmingRead MoreEnvironmental Sustainable Development : Global Warming1696 Words   |  7 Pagesreferred to as global warming. Apparently, in the minds of many, the term global warming refers to increase in global temperatures. No need to worry because the world survives the heat in summer and people living in the scoring heat regions enjoy life thanks to air conditioning technology. Apparently, the world is yet to understand the threats posed by global warming to the present and future generations. That is the reason people continue to engage in activities that contribute to global warming. EnvironmentalistsRead MoreThe World Climate Is Changing1266 Words   |  6 Pageswhich the United States government is unwilling to comply. A news report from the Institute of Policy Studies concludes we have the money to delay global warming but the money is going elsewhere. We are spending 28 times as much on military security than climate security. An estimated $55 billion dollars is required to meet the challenge of global warming but only $21 billion is in the 2017 budget; this is a shortfall of $34 billion. Wondering where the rest of the $34 billion is being spent? The F-35Read MoreClimate Change Denial Of The North Pole985 Words   |  4 Pagescontinue on. Everybody has heard of global warming and the anecdote that our grandchildren will never see a polar bear. Near apocalyptic warnings of the future we will have if we allow it to continue unchecked. However, there is a large faction of people who go out of their way to try to downplay the effects of global warming; these people are known as climate change deniers. Predominantly conservative, these people do everything in their power to undermine global warming for economic gain. Climate changeRead MoreThe Natural Causes of Global Warming Essay761 Words   |  4 Pagesthe past 100 years scientists have been warning people of climate change. The general opinion has flip-flopped about three times, from cooling to warming to cooling, and back to warming again. The fact is that earths climate is constantly changing. It has periods of cooling and periods of warming. However, studies have shown that short-term temperature change cannot be used as a gauge for future predictions. The fac t that the earth has experienced warming throughout the last century is not proof

Analyzing the Point of View - 700 Words

Analyzing the Point of View One of the most important elements of a story is the point of view that the story is told in. The point of view is critical to determining whether or not the narrator is trustworthy. By analyzing the point of view in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† the reader can determine what point of view the story is being told in, how the story will change if it’s told from a different viewpoint, and if the narrator is trustworthy. In the beginning of the story one can immediately see that the story is being told in the third person objective point of view. â€Å"When Miss Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral †¦ in at least ten years.† (Faulkner 526) In the preceding quote the reader can see that the story is being told from the†¦show more content†¦This makes it difficult for the reader to tell if what he or she is reading is accurate or not. If the story is in first person the reader can get a more accurate description of what is taking place in the story. In addition to the being able to determine whether or not the narrator trustworthy, one can get an accurate statements about how characters are feeling in any situation. In the current point of view the reader is limited to seeing the action in the story from the viewpoint of a narrator is very broad with his statements. â€Å"At first we were glad that Miss Emily would have an interest, †¦ come to her† (Faulkne r 531). In this quote the reader can only get a broad statement of how the group of people feel about Miss Emily rather than a specific character in general. If the story is told in first person then the reader can see what one specific character is feeling about Miss Emily instead of limiting it to a group of characters. Finally by analyzing the point of view in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† the reader can determine whether or not the narrator is trustworthy or not. After reading this story one can conclude that the narrator is not trustworthy for one particular reason. The narrator is not a specific character but is a group of characters retelling the story. Since it is a group of characters telling the story the reader is limited to seeing eventsShow MoreRelatedAnalyzing Structure And Point Of View1494 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyzing Structure and Point of View In Brave New World, Aldous Huxley basically divided the novel into three parts. The first part is to introduce an imagined future in which everything is unconventional. He gave us details for the fertilizing room and the world was built based on the ideas on Community, Identity, and Stability. The second part is to plunge the readers into the Brave New World and to give the view of different characters in the book, for example the ideal citizens Henry FosterRead MoreElements of Short Story1482 Words   |  6 Pagesinformation, setting the scene, establishes situation, dates the action)   Ã‚  Ã‚   rising action (complication) (develops and intensifies the conflict)   Ã‚  Ã‚   climax (crisis) (the moment at which the plot reaches its point of greatest emotional   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   intensity; it is also the turning point, directly precipitating the story s resolution.)   Ã‚  Ã‚   falling action (the tension subsides and the plot moves toward its conclusion)   Ã‚  Ã‚   conclusion (resolution or denoument--French for unknotting or untying) Read MoreWhat Are Your Opinions About?1224 Words   |  5 Pagesabout one’s point of view with other parties or individuals are a familiar part of daily conversation. Questions like â€Å"What are your opinions about†¦?†, â€Å"How do you feel about†¦?† are the norm. The ability to convincingly defend and explain one s point of view to others is of paramount importance in today’s world. Now, many questions arise, questions like; how do people explain and justify their views or perspectives and beliefs to others? How does one come to hold a particular point of view about a particularRead MoreImportance Of General Studies Writing1291 Words   |  6 Pagesfound in my later papers. In Analyzing a Visual I cited all of the sources used, including the images source (which is located directly underneath the image). I believe by using research effectively in many of my papers I have conveyed my knowledge of effective and purposeful research. By demonstrating the importance of others opinions on many topics, I have adequately written several passing papers. My use of data in Proposing a Solution deflected the arguing point that was against mine andRead MoreAccounting Concept and Conventions1685 Words   |  7 Pagesthe true substance of the business and the results of its operation. The theory of accounting has, therefore, developed the concept of a true and fair view. The true and fair view is applied in ensuring and assessing whether accounts do indeed portray accurately the business activities. To support the application of the true and fair view, accounting has adopted certain concepts and conventions which help to ensure that accounting information is presented accurately and consistently.   Read MoreTools for Analyzing Dimensions of Language and Persuasive Symbols1317 Words   |  5 Pagescategories simultaneously. There are many tools for analyzing persuasive symbols, many of which should be utilized when analyzing great communicators such as President Ronald Reagan. In response to the Space Shuttle Challenger explosion on January 28th, 1986 where seven brave American’s gave their life. President Ronald Reagan made history with his famous speech, which didn’t only serve to address the great tragedy but served as a focal point of comfort for the grieving nation. He commemoratedRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown1144 Words   |  5 PagesIn this extract from â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, Nathaniel Hawthorne uses symbolism, imagery and point of view to depict Goodman Brown’s eventual journey from naivety in man’s purity of faith to recognition of man’s disposition to evil. It reveals Brown’s misplaced faith in man, who is deficient, instead of God. In the dialogue that ensues between the minister and Deacon Gookin, we learn of an impending meeting expecting participants hailing from â€Å"Falmouth and beyond... Indian powows† (HawthorneRead MoreAn Analysis of the Poem A Country Without a Mythology 927 Words   |  4 PagesLePan’s poem are both unsure of where they are. In â€Å"Progressive Insanities of a Pioneer† the man tries to separate himself from his environment; however, in â€Å"A Country Without a Mythology† the stranger tries to adapt himself to his environment. By analyzing the content, structure, and meaning of â€Å"A Country Without a Mythology† the reader will understand that if the stranger openly accepts his surroundings he will then be able to answer the question that grieves him: â€Å"where is he?† The stranger in theRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown1150 Words   |  5 PagesIn this extract from â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, Nathaniel Hawthorne uses symbolism, imagery and point of view to depict Goodman Brown’s eventual journey from naivety in man’s purity of faith to recognition of man’s disposition to evil. It reveals Brown’s misplaced faith in man, who is deficient, instead of God. In the dialogue that ensues between the minister and Deacon Gookin, we learn of an impending meeting expecting participants hailing from â€Å"Falmouth and beyond... Indian powows† (HawthorneRead MoreAnalysis Of `` Girl `` By Jamaica Kincaid And The Birth Mark1032 Words   |  5 PagesBefore analyzing â€Å"Girl† by Jamaica Kincaid and â€Å"The Birth-Mark† by Nathanial Hawthorne, it is important to understand the role that women played in society during the time the short stories were written. In each of the stories the theme relates directly to the expectations that women were held to during that time in history. After reading both of the stories, it is clear that there were several literary elements used to portray the domestic responsibilities of women in society at the time. Analyzing

The Balance Scorecard - Advantages & Disadvantages To Orchard Decisio

Question: Write an essay on Developing the Balance Scorecard ? Answer: Executive Summary This research paper focuses on developing the Balance Scorecard (BS) business model and system for the Anthony's Orchards in order to enhance and improve position in the competitive market. Anthony's Orchards main aim behind developing and implementing BC system is to enhance the level of income and revenue of $25 million dollars by the year 2015. Moreover, Anthony's Orchards also adopt significant strategy to enhance key area of business associated with internal business system process, Financial Management, customer and learning and growth. At the same time, the company also focused on creating IT infrastructure and IT network so it can maintain communication with customers and stakeholders. In the same way, BS helped the company in developing or maintaining relationship with its key stakeholders. Furthermore, Anthony's Orchards also considers the strategy of introducing new and already existence products in order to bring improvement in the products for the purpose of competitive position in the worldwide market. In addition to this, balanced scorecard is one of the significant way that provides feedback to the management of the company in the context of about the effectiveness of internal processes and external outcomes that helps it to enhance performance and results. Introduction Balance Scorecard (BS) is known as a performance management method or procedure that used by the management of the organization in order to assess or gauge the exercises as well as day to day activities of employees. Additionally, the BC is the reflection of financial and non-financial measures to target value within a compact report. Furthermore, in the current time, the administration of the company is utilizing BS to analyze the overall performance including financial (Huang, 2009). This paper focus on creating as well as developing a strategy map and balanced scorecard for Anthony's Orchard by considering the key objective of the organization that is to surpass income of $25 million dollars by the year 2015. Anthony's Orchards is a family- owned 6,000-section of land plantation arranged in Wenatchee Valley that is delivering apple for more than 60 years to the customers. In the same way, in the context of this paper, the different performance measurement criteria in the four diff erent key areas of the company including financial; customer; internal business processes; learning and growth notes. Balanced scorecard In the time of globalization, balanced scorecard is used by todays profit and non-profit organizations as a strategic planning process and management activity in order to support organizational activities related to business and operations with their strategic vision, mission and strategic goals. It displays the criteria of performance that can help administration of the company to evaluate and keep up the execution as per the mission and vision of association. Balanced scorecard is also known as tool of management that is utilized by management to improve as well as maintain the performance of a company as per organizational core strategies, strategic mission and vision (Huang, 2009). Balanced scorecard also improves organizational performance in the different business areas by giving proper response and feedbacks about the viability of interior procedures and outside results that helps management to enhance core and strategic performance. The balance scorecards (BSC) includes to making the structure of measuring the key point of view, for example, monetary, client, inside business process and learning and development. The imperative piece of BSC idea that it stretched out on building up the harmony between four sort estimations that is: Short and Long term, exterior and interior environment Most important indicators and Lagging needle Objective measures and Subjective measures for generating ideas (Source: Martin, 2008) Developing a Balanced Scorecard In the current time, different kinds of ways, strategies and methods are considered in order to develop the balanced scorecard. Hence, it can be said that, the following are the key steps that would be considered by the Anthony's Orchards to improve the performance of the company in different areas of business operations. Assess the mission and goal of the company: This is first key step in creating an effective balanced scorecard which the organization will need to define organizational aims and objectives by building up the business method viably. For example, in this step, Anthony's Orchard would define its organizational vision, mission, objectives, goals and challenges and the management of the company would analyze the organizational capacity to accomplish mission or objectives (Huang, 2009). Anthony's Orchard key objective is surpassing income of $25 million dollars by 2015. Concentrate on Client Necessity: In this phase of BS, the organization would adopt an innovative and precious strategy to address the issue and desire of customers or clients. In the same way, this strategy would help the company in deciding the value, quality, and costs of the items to its clients in order to accomplish the vision, mission and objectives (Blokdijk, 2008). Interior Business Processes: In this step, organization of Anthony's Orchard must focus on the process of internal business and adjust the objectives and task with the strategic paln of the company. According to this, the organization must need to see on the specific exercises and practices that will most influence results. Strategy Maps out the process. As per this step, the administration of Anthony's Orchard would utilizes strategic mapping to in order to analyze how the developed strategic plan would fulfill the objectives of the company in an effective and proper manner. It incorporates specific values that the association will convey to their clients, customers and shareholders (Rampersad, 2006). In this procedure, the management of Anthony Orchard would make plans and develop innovative strategy to enhance overall organizational core objectives, mission and vision. Assign initiatives and implement process: According to this step, the management of Anthony Orchard would need to provide directions to their employees and management about their duties, roles, functions and responsibilities and how they can be able to fulfill the performance goals properly. For case, the employees or team members would also need to understand the role and importance of strategic, objectives, goals and strategic plan for the total success of the organization (Niven, 2011). Cascade the scorecard: This is the next step in which the company would consider various tools and procedures of measurement in the context of all the objectives. Moreover, the the previous and current market situation of the company would be considered in order to produce quality products to the customers. On the other hand, it should also be noted down that, the company Anthony Orchard would also focus on the following given area of business operations in order to improve the overall performance. Anthonys Orchard Financial To capture the extra market growth Comparison to growth of the apple market or need of the apple related products Maintain the base of business effectively Volume trend line and gross profit margin Expansion of the business operations in the worldwide market Ratio of domestic to international sales Commercialize new ingredients and services that are profitable Gross profit from new products Customer To providing the quality products and services with a wide range of variety at the lower costs To focus on various strategies that can help the company in maintaining the quality of its product in the market. Customization of wide range of goods and services in order to fulfill the requirement of local customers Enhancement in the % of products in R D in test phase To enhance the level of Customer satisfaction Customer surveys Internal Business Processes To providing the product at the cheapest price Total cost of product relative to competition To continue reliable production First pass success rate Enhancing the efficiency of distribution system Percent of perfect orders Developing ability to monitor profitable products and services Modification in the economic value Incorporate acquisitions Revenues per salary dollar Learning Growth Notes Linking the business strategy with the reward system Net income per dollar of variable pay Innovative culture and development To focus on annual assessments as well as Quarterly reviews Creating competencies critical to overall gaps that must be filled Percentage of competency deployment filled on tracking matrix (Source: Tracy, 2011) Evaluate the scorecard and the process: The four particular measures that may be utilized to track performance of the company effectively. For example, the financial execution may be utilized to track performance of Anthony's Orchard in the terms of working edge, gross overall revenue, return on capital utilized, net revenue, others key bookkeeping proportions and accomplishment of offers or income objectives. Furthermore, Customer area may be utilized to track performance of organizational total sales on the premise of sales information, customer complaints, and surveys and puzzle shopping. Additionally, internal business process would consider the organizational performance on the premise of stock level, stock return, efficiency, floor space use and individuals profitability (Wisner, 2011). Moreover, learning development notes measures through utilized of follow development of Anthony's Orchard in the terms of capacity to accomplish development and surpassing income of $25 million dollars. . In the present time, there are different successful procedures, strategies and routines utilized by the business association to modify the balanced scorecard process. In the same way, it is suggested that, Anthony's Orchard ought to take after the given techniques and systems in a powerful and more extensive way (Blokdijk, 2008). These are proposals are given underneath: It is suggested that, the administration and organization ought to concentrate on building and creating individual and organizational qualities The organization should also use viable rules and methodologies in adjusting the BSC process (Friedrichs, 2011) The organization and the administration should also concentrate on creating trust; relationship and pride within the association so that BSC procedure can be alter in a powerful way. The organization must also offer highest HR quality services on the grounds that it would minimize organization's danger and assign the organization's assets methodically (Khosrowpour, 2006). Moreover, management and employees to must also be considered in the prcoess of BSC for the smooth functioning of the procedures. Subsequently, these are various rules and techniques that must to be used by the company management, organization and individuals appropriately to adjust the BSC's procedure. The BSC methodology was actualized at Anthony's Orchard framework as a result of a present culture change program. The primary target of cultural change project is to accomplish the organization's objectives and mission through strengthening its five essential qualities (Blokdijk, 2008). The senior administration of the Anthony's Orchard decide to execute change program at Anthony's Orchard framework by considering different aspects as generate competitive benefits for the entire enterprise, reducing dependence on managerial authorities, develop formal rules and procedures and narrow division of work in between the employees. Besides, the principle purpose of this change project was Anthony's Orchard's equalization scorecard implies the BSC was focus to the association's control framework (Murby Gould, 2005). Moreover, to accomplish the targets of this change program the accompanying seven stages were trailed by the organization: Review of competitive position Involvement of senor employees in decision making Create share vision (Fisher, Lauria, Chengalur-Smith, 2012). Overall vision of company is communicate with employees Create and plan for short-term performance goals Embed cultural change To maintain the link in between the cultural change project and organization competitive success (Murby Gould, 2005) The Anthony's Orchard's balanced scorecard and change project methodology sways on the management control arrangement of the organization. Additionally, through utilized the BSC, NAE frameworks empower to report the month to month aftereffects of the scorecard through outwardly showing up method for on the web. Besides, the data was partaken in the middle of the every one of the organization's workers and saw by administration. The BSC gives criticism of the top administration about the adequacy of inside procedures, representative execution, association society and outside results that helped administration to enhance vital execution (Blokdijk, 2008). This BSC methodology sways on the workers' execution on the grounds that representatives are guarantee that their execution is not going waste and its execution would be considered by the administration amid evaluation and execution estimation. The organization's representatives would be acknowledged the BSC activities in light of the fact that it helps them to accomplish its own goals through give great culture and workplace at working environment (Han, Kamber, Pei, 2011). Also, after Anthony's Orchard's framework executed BSC approach then it was centered around measuring and overseeing execution as per the present day bookkeeping execution measurements and additionally looks at the non-money related qualities identified with execution that persuades the workers to acknowledge the BSC activity (Huang, 2009). Furthermore, this methodology permitted representatives to view information from a top-down viewpoint and in addition distinguish the variables those contributes its execution and their work adds to the execution of specialty unit or association, so workers would be acknowledge the BSC approach. The workers may be trusted that their endeavors paid off by the association and its execution considered by the administration while choose installment level, so they are acknowledge the BSC activity (Huang, 2009). Advantages and Disadvantages to Anthonys Orchards Decision to not use BSC The decision to not use a balanced scorecard approach as an performance management tool is aasociated with the different benefits and limitations for Anthony's Orchard's. For instance, the primary benefits of this is that, the organization can utilize BS as a strategic planning instrument that can help in enhancing the decision making inside of the association in a compelling and more thorough way. Interestingly, the choice to not utilize balanced scorecard as an performance tool has disservices. For instance, the organization would not have the capacity to embrace this for the enhancing different business region of an organization successfully including fund, promoting, operation, client administrations and so on (Mather, 2005). Moreover, in today's all the more difficult and focused business time, balanced scorecard methodology is utilized by the business firms for the distinctive purposes so that the upper e competitive advantages can be achieved over the competitors in a viable and fitting way. Then again, by utilizing BSC, Anthony's Orchard's can also enhance its market share, efficiency, productivity and enhance consumer loyalty in the overall industry. In the same way, BSC gives a considerable measure of advantages to Anthony's Orchard's in enhancing its operational, strategic and regulatory performance in a viable and fitting way (Chai, 2009). For instance, balanced scorecard methodology gives a complete examination about diverse zones of business to an association adequately. For case, by utilizing and actualizing an balanced scorecard approach, Anthony's Orchard's future ready to assess and recognize the distinctive particular are of execution. Notwithstanding this, this methodology will likewise address every all the areas that need concern. That is to say, an organization can enhances its HR, fianc, marketing, operational division, division in a more far reaching way (Grembergen, 2004). The other principle points of interest of utilizing BSC methodology is that, it helps the Anthony's Orchard's in amending the diverse divisions. For instance, in the present time, in the association the administration of an organization creates and makes the goal or focus to the firm. Thusly, with the assistance of this, the administration of the Anthony's Orchard's would likewise have the capacity to audit authoritative key vision and mission viably. By taking the another illustration, if the administration of the Anthony's Orchard's finds that the work is getting hampered because of the breakdown of a key machine, it steps to either repair the machine or supplant it (Demirkan, Spohrer Krishna, 2011). (Source: Grembergen, 2004). This tool can likewise be utilized by an organization as a comparison device. For instance, by utilizing this, the Anthony's Orchard's can be able to assess and look at the past, present and anticipated exhibitions at the foreordained time period and in an extensive way. This point of interest of BSC approach unmistakably demonstrates that, the Anthony's Orchard's future ready to evaluate the past highs and lows in execution successfully. J Integration of different functions is another primary point of interest of utilizing balanced scorecard approach. For case, this balanced scorecard methodology helps the Anthony's Orchard's and administrations in incorporating every one of the capacities and also capacity of an organization in deliberate way (Grembergen, 2004). In the same way, the management of the Anthony's Orchard's would likewise have the capacity to design and implement different organizational function in a more particular way. Subsequently, it can be inferred that, by utilizing a balanced scorecard approach, a firm can take different benefits and advantages. The strategic objectives are essentially considered as the measures of achieving vision and mission of the organization in the business. Nonetheless, these strategic objectives can be produced in a BSC to see effectively. The BSC is a device that serves to analyze the condition of the company and their items in the business sector and vital change if there should be an occurrence of necessities (Jarke, 2003). The primary qualities and Weaknesses are given underneath: Strengths: It offers an unmistakable picture about the advancement of an organization in the setting of key vision, mission and destinations. It gives positive course to the organization for the satisfaction of hierarchical long haul objectives in a compelling and more complete way. This prepare likewise concentrate on the nature of merchandise, and administrations so it is extremely profitable in enhancing the consumer loyalty successfully (Wrembel, R. Koncilia, 2007). Balance scorecard procedure is likewise viewed as a standout amongst the most critical apparatuses for the business firms to enhance inward business forms. This procedure is additionally vital and viable for the organizations in enhancing the diverse regions of business adequately, for example, money and operation Weaknesses: Ignoring of competitors Exclusion of suppliers (Withee, 2010). Lack of Community and environmental Incomplete information This process takes more time, cost, and price Conclusion On the conclusion's premise, it can be inferred that the BSC approach usage of Anthony's Orchard would proper of them to enhance their general execution. Also, this methodology would be acknowledged by the workers in light of the fact that they trust that their execution has not given waste after actualize of this methodology and their endeavors paid off by the association. Furthermore, BSC methodology is enhanced inside and outer capacity of the Anthony's Orchard that helps it to accomplish development and surpassing income of $25 million dollars. The BSC is additionally one of the powerful devices or strategy that likewise concentrate on the quality change by diminishing an extensive variety of expenses connected with the item or administration. With the assistance of BSC, Anthony's Orchard would have the capacity to concentrate on the distinctive regions of business viably. For instance, with the assistance of this, monetary, clients, interior and so forth ranges would be enhanced by the organization that is essential in improving the quality effectively. References Blokdijk, G. (2008). Balanced Scorecard 100 Success Secrets, 100 Most Asked Questions on Approach, Development, Management, Measures, Performance and Strategy. USA: Lulu.com. Blokdijk, G. (2008). Balanced Scorecard 100 Success Secrets, 100 Most Asked Questions on Approach, Development, Management, Measures, Performance and Strategy. Lulu.com. Chai, N. (2009). Sustainability Performance Evaluation System in Government: A Balanced Scorecard Approach Towards Sustainable Development. USA: Springer. Demirkan, H., Spohrer, J.C. Krishna, V. (2011). Service Systems Implementation. USA: Springer. Fisher, C., Lauria, E. Chengalur-Smith, S. (2012). Introduction to Information Quality. USA: AuthorHouse. Friedrichs, C. (2011). An analysis how the Balanced Score Card approach could enhance the personal contentedness considering the change in the society from a Work/Life balance to a multi-duty-life of individuals in consulting companies in Germany. USA: Diplomarbeiten Agentur. Grembergen, W.V. (2004). Strategies for Information Technology Governance. UK: Idea Group Inc (IGI). Han, J., Kamber, M. Pei, J. (2011). Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques: Concepts and Techniques (3rd ed.). USA: Elsevier. Huang, H.C. (2009). Designing a knowledge-based system for strategic planning: A balanced scorecard perspective. Expert Systems with Applications, 36 (1), 209218. Huang, H.C. (2009). Designing a knowledge-based system for strategic planning: A balanced scorecard perspective. Expert Systems with Applications, 36 (1), 209218. Jarke, M. (2003). Fundamentals of Data Warehouses (2nd ed.). Germany: Springer. Jill, D. (2000). E-Data: Turning Data Into Information With Data Warehousing. USA: Addison-Wesley Professional. Keyes, J. (2005). Implementing the IT Balanced Scorecard: Aligning IT with Corporate Strategy. USA: CRC Press. Khosrowpour, M. (2006). Emerging Trends and Challenges in Information Technology Management: 2006 Information Resources Management Association International Conference, Washington, DC, USA, May 21-24, 2006. UK: Idea Group Inc (IGI). Martin, J.R. (2008). Summary of the Balanced Scorecard Concepts. Retrieved from: https://maaw.info/BalScoreSum.htm Mather, D. (2005). The Maintenance Scorecard: Creating Strategic Advantage. USA: Industrial Press Inc. Murby, L. Gould, S. (2005). Effective Performance Management with the Balanced Scorecard: Technical Report. Chartered Institute of Management Accountants. Retrieved from: https://www.cimaglobal.com/Documents/ImportedDocuments/Tech_rept_Effective_Performance_Mgt_with_Balanced_Scd_July_2005.pdf Niven, P.R. (2011). Balanced Scorecard: Step-by-Step for Government and Nonprofit Agencies (2nd ed.). Canada: John Wiley Sons. Rampersad, H.K. (2006). Personal Balanced Scorecard: The Way to Individual Happiness, Personal Integrity, and Organizational Effectiveness. USA: IAP. Smith, R.F. (2010). Business Process Management and the Balanced Scorecard: Using Processes as Strategic Drivers. Canada: John Wiley Sons. Wisner, J.D. (2011). Principles of Supply Chain Management: A Balanced Approach. USA: Cengage Learning. Withee, K. (2010). Microsoft Business Intelligence For Dummies. USA: John Wiley Sons. Wrembel, R. Koncilia, C. (2007). Data Warehouses And OLAP: Concepts, Architectures And Solutions. UK: Idea Group Inc (IGI).